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Record W2059723446 · doi:10.2523/iptc-12516-ms

Integrated Technologies of Testing and Controlling for High Efficiency Separate Layer Water Injection

2008· article· en· W2059723446 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicAdvanced Data Processing Techniques
Canadian institutionsPetro-Canada
Fundersnot available
KeywordsLayer (electronics)Computer scienceReliability engineeringMaterials scienceEngineeringNanotechnology

Abstract

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Integrated Technologies of Testing and Controlling for High Efficiency Separate Layer Water Injection He Liu; He Liu PetroChina Co. Ltd Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Danfeng Xiao; Danfeng Xiao Daqing Oilfield Co. Ltd. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Li Zhi Zhao; Li Zhi Zhao Daqing Oil Company Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Fukun Zhang; Fukun Zhang Daqing Oilfield Co. Ltd. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Yumei Wang; Yumei Wang Daqing Oilfield Co. Ltd. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Xianhui Lv; Xianhui Lv Daqing Oilfield Co. Ltd. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Xueqing Zhang Xueqing Zhang Daqing Oilfield Co. Ltd. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the International Petroleum Technology Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, December 2008. Paper Number: IPTC-12516-MS https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-12516-MS Published: December 03 2008 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Liu, He, Xiao, Danfeng, Zhao, Li Zhi, Zhang, Fukun, Wang, Yumei, Lv, Xianhui, and Xueqing Zhang. "Integrated Technologies of Testing and Controlling for High Efficiency Separate Layer Water Injection." Paper presented at the International Petroleum Technology Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, December 2008. doi: https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-12516-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll ProceedingsInternational Petroleum Technology ConferenceIPTC International Petroleum Technology Conference Search Advanced Search AbstractWe introduce an integrated technology for testing and controlling of high efficiency sub-divided zonal water injection in Daqing oilfield. The Oilfield is a heterogeneous multi-layer giant continental sandstone oilfield. After long-terms of water flooding, 95% of main pay zones have been in production and water cut has exceeded 91%. The development of the oilfield has also aimed at relatively thinner and less permeable layers to maintain stable production.Separate layer water injection in these thin and less permeable layers is more challenging than the thicker ones. Traditional testing and controlling techniques used for thick layers may not fully suitable for the thinner layers. In recent years, innovations on separate layer water injection were integrated and a technology of testing and controlling for high efficiency sub-divided zonal water injection was developed to fulfill the requirements of efficiency, precision, prompt, and economics. The technique has the following features: target layers can be smaller than 1 meter, the average number of subdivided sections increased up to 6, barrier thickness required decreased from 8 meters to 1.5 meters, average seal ratio increased from 85% to 95%, minimum zonal injection can be as low as 20m3 or even less.This paper introduces the technique and presents application results in Daqing oilfield.1. IntroductionFor Daqing Oilfield is a water-flooding oilfield, preferred reservoir target layers have changed from thick, high water-cut layers to low permeable laminated layers after the Daqing oilfield has gone into high water-cut period. Separate layer water injection is still basic means to control the rising water cut. With the increasing number of the injection wells and the further subdivided intervals, testing and controlling of separate layer water injection will have more and more work to do.Traditional testing and controlling techniques used for thick layers may not fully suitable for the thinner layers. On the one hand, the fixed water nozzles and their carriers— blanking plugs need to be fished several times to find the appropriate sizes of nozzles controlling the water injection into the reservoirs. The operation not only wastes time but also labors, for the average testing and controlling period is 4–5 days. On the other hand, the traditional testing accurate ratio is only 64.0% four months later the initial testing through tracking the change of water injection in different well patterns. The original six-month testing cycle has to be shortened to improve the injection quality and precision.Therefore, innovations on separate layer water injection were integrated and a technology of testing and controlling for high efficiency sub-divided zonal water injection was developed to fulfill the requirements of efficiency, precision, prompt, and economics.2. Integrated technology of testing and controlling for high efficiency separate layer water injectionWater injection controlling equipment consists of surface facilities (namely the normal cable truck)and downhole controlling systems which include centralizer, testing & controlling processor, fishing controller (comprising sealed transmission mechanism, universal shaft and oriental guiding mechanism), as well as adjustable blanking plug (see figure 1). Keywords: waterflooding, traditional testing, enhanced recovery, layer water injection, plug, efficiency separate layer water injection, water management, mechanism, operation, water nozzle Subjects: Improved and Enhanced Recovery, Waterflooding This content is only available via PDF. 2008. International Petroleum Technology Conference You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.370
Threshold uncertainty score0.261

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.027
GPT teacher head0.248
Teacher spread0.222 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

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Citations3
Published2008
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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