Tunnel-Pile Interaction Analysis Using Cavity Expansion Methods
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Evaluation of the impact of tunnel construction on existing buried structures is an important problem. This paper presents an analytical method for estimating the effect of tunnel construction on end-bearing piles located above the tunnel. The method can be used to estimate the safe relative distance between existing piles and newly constructed tunnels. Spherical and cylindrical cavity expansion/contraction analyses are used to evaluate pile end-bearing capacity and the reduction of confining pressure at the pile tip that results from tunnel volume loss. Pile end-bearing capacity is then reevaluated based on the reduced confining pressure at the pile tip. A modified shear modulus is used to account for the effect of pile installation on soil stiffness. The method is used to analyze centrifuge experiments conducted to study this problem. For the experimental data, where the service load applied to the piles during tunnel volume loss ranged between 50 and 60% of the maximum jacking force, the analytical method showed that pile failure occurred when the load-carrying capacity was reduced below 80% of its original value. A parametric analysis is included that highlights the effect of key soil properties on results.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it