Suspended sediment transport in Fraser River at Mission, British Columbia: New observations and comparison to historical records
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The sediment budget of the lower Fraser River provides the basis to understand the net sedimentary changes in the river and delta distributary channels and sediment delivery to the Strait of Georgia. Currently, it is not possible to construct the contemporary sediment budget because the input and output volumes of sediment to the sand-bedded reach of the river are unknown. In this study, the results of a sediment sampling program at Mission, British Columbia, designed to explore sediment delivery into the sand-bedded reach and delta over an annual hydrograph, are presented. The 2010 daily sediment load, in a year with a low freshet, varied between 2700 tonnes in April and 100,732 tonnes in late June. The annual sediment load was ~7.2 M t. About 70% of the 2010 sediment load transport was silt- and clay-sized material. Most of the sand transport occurred during the high-flow months of May, June and July. The threshold discharge for significant sand suspension lies between 5000 and 5700 m3/s. In 2010, 94% of the total load and 97% of the sand load were moved when the river discharge was above 1000 m3/s. A strong hysteresis for silt-clay, but a weaker effect for sand, was found. This pattern of transport is consistent with observations between 1966 and 1986 by the Water Survey of Canada. The 2010 sediment budget is on the low side of historically measured annual suspended sediment loads, raising the possibility that recently there may have been a secular shift in the suspended sediment influx into the estuary.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".