The Changing Role of Mother of the Mentally Ill: From Schizophrenogenic Mother to Multigenerational Caregiver
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Psychiatry's understanding of the contribution of mothers to mental illness has markedly changed over the last 60 years, evolving from a view that mothers were to blame for everything, passing through a subsequent period when mothers were seen less as instigators of illness and more as provocateurs, inducing relapse through the expression of criticism and hostility. Currently, mothers are mainly viewed as "burdened caregivers." Because psychiatric patients no longer live in asylums and no longer are prescribed first generation antipsychotics that used to render them effectively sterile, more and more women with schizophrenia are bearing children-children that their mothers, more often than not, raise. This paper is about caregiving by grandmothers, especially as this pertains to daughters with schizophrenia and especially as it impacts on the grandmother's health and well-being. The role of the grandmother is characterized by divided loyalties, by the toll of caregiving, but also, unquestionably, by the rewards that come with raising children. The experience of grandmothers makes them potent allies in the battle against mental illness in their children and the children of their children. Expanding on their existing role as caregivers, mothers of the mentally ill are evolving into auxiliary therapists.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".