Rivastigmine modestly improves dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease, but has important adverse effects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Emre M, Aarsland D, Albanese A, et al . Rivastigmine for dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease. New Engl J Med 2004;351:2509–18.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Q What is the effect of the dual cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine on dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease? ### ![Graphic][5]</img>Design: Randomised controlled trial. ### ![Graphic][6]</img>Allocation: Concealed. ### ![Graphic][7]</img>Blinding: Double blinded. ### ![Graphic][8]</img>Follow up period: 24 weeks. ### ![Graphic][9]</img>Setting: Centres in 11 European countries (including Turkey) and Canada; recruitment from October 2002 to July 2003. ### ![Graphic][10]</img>Patients: 541 people over the age of 50 years diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD; UK PD Society Brain Bank criteria) and mild to moderate PD related dementia (DSM-IV; Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score 10–24). Exclusion criteria were: non-PD neurodegeneration; unstable medical comorbidity, disability, or dementia not related to PD; active, uncontrolled seizures; prior major depressive disorder; or use of anticholinergic … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.aulast%253DEmre%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%26rft.volume%253D351%26rft.issue%253D24%26rft.spage%253D2509%26rft.epage%253D2518%26rft.atitle%253DRivastigmine%2Bfor%2BDementia%2BAssociated%2Bwith%2BParkinson%2527s%2BDisease%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa041470%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15590953%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa041470&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15590953&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmental%2F8%2F2%2F41.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000225593100006&link_type=ISI [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [8]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [9]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [10]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".