Rivastigmine modestly improves dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease, but has important adverse effects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Emre M, Aarsland D, Albanese A, et al . Rivastigmine for dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease. New Engl J Med 2004;351:2509–18.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Q What is the effect of the dual cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine on dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease? ### ![Graphic][5] Design: Randomised controlled trial. ### ![Graphic][6] Allocation: Concealed. ### ![Graphic][7] Blinding: Double blinded. ### ![Graphic][8] Follow up period: 24 weeks. ### ![Graphic][9] Setting: Centres in 11 European countries (including Turkey) and Canada; recruitment from October 2002 to July 2003. ### ![Graphic][10] Patients: 541 people over the age of 50 years diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD; UK PD Society Brain Bank criteria) and mild to moderate PD related dementia (DSM-IV; Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score 10–24). Exclusion criteria were: non-PD neurodegeneration; unstable medical comorbidity, disability, or dementia not related to PD; active, uncontrolled seizures; prior major depressive disorder; or use of anticholinergic … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.aulast%253DEmre%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%26rft.volume%253D351%26rft.issue%253D24%26rft.spage%253D2509%26rft.epage%253D2518%26rft.atitle%253DRivastigmine%2Bfor%2BDementia%2BAssociated%2Bwith%2BParkinson%2527s%2BDisease%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa041470%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15590953%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa041470&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15590953&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmental%2F8%2F2%2F41.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000225593100006&link_type=ISI [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [8]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [9]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [10]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".