Evaluation of RADARSAT-2 DInSAR Seasonal Surface Displacement in Discontinuous Permafrost Terrain, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
. Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) is an increasingly viable method for assessing permafrost terrain stability, but the accuracy and performance within discontinuous permafrost terrain has not been well studied. We used a RADARSAT-2 DInSAR data stack for a 120-day period in the summer of 2010 to map seasonal surface displacement in the discontinuous permafrost terrain of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. Calculated displacement was compared to surficial geology and municipal land use zones. Displacement results reveal that glaciofluvial, glaciolacustrine, humanly modified, and organic terrain are increasingly unstable, in contrast to predominantly stable bedrock. Within municipal zones, increased proportional displacement is related to higher proportions of glaciolacustrine sediments and organic terrain. Organic terrain, associated with the highest proportion of the moderate downward displacement (−3.0 cm to −6.0 cm), occupies less than 6% of the total area. Widespread glaciolacustrine sediments (30% total area) are associated with most of the downward displacement in municipal zones. Semi-quantitative field and geotechnical validations indicate that most areas of moderate seasonal downward displacement in developed areas also represent areas of long-term subsidence. This work shows that even a short InSAR data stack and a simple stack processing method can yield information that is useful for municipal knowledge and planning.Résumé. L’interférométrie différentielle par radar à synthèse d’ouverture (DInSAR) est une méthode de plus en plus viable pour évaluer la stabilité des terrains en zone de pergélisol, mais la précision et la performance dans les zones de pergélisol discontinu ne sont pas bien étudiées. Nous avons utilisé une pile de données DInSAR de RADARSAT-2 d’une période de 120 jours au cours de l’été 2010 pour cartographier le déplacement saisonnier de la surface du sol dans la zone de pergélisol discontinu de Yellowknife, Territoires du Nord-Ouest. Le déplacement calculé a été comparé à la géologie de surface et les zones municipales d’utilisation des terres. Les résultats de déplacements révèlent qu’en ordre de stabilité, du plus stable au moins stable, on trouve les zones fluvio-glaciaires, glacio-lacustres, humainement modifiées et organiques, tandis que le substrat rocheux est essentiellement stable. Dans les zones municipales, le déplacement proportionnel accru est lié à des proportions plus élevées de sédiments glacio-lacustres et du terrain organique. Le terrain organique, associé à la plus forte proportion du déplacement modéré vers le bas (−3.0 à −6.0 cm), occupe moins de 6% de la superficie totale. Les sédiments glacio-lacustres répandus (30% de la superficie totale) sont associés à la plupart des déplacements vers le bas dans les zones municipales. Les validations semi-quantitatives de terrain et géotechniques indiquent que la plupart des zones de déplacement saisonnier modéré vers le bas dans les régions développées représentent également des zones d’affaissement à long terme. Ce travail montre que même une pile de données InSAR de courte durée et une méthode de traitement de pile simple peuvent donner des informations utiles pour la connaissance et la planification municipale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".