Second-order optical response in semiconductors
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Full frame distilled prediction
Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
- Candidate categories
- Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
- Consensus categories
- Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
- Domain
- Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
- Study design
- Candidate signal: Bench or experimentalConsensus signal: Bench or experimental
- Genre
- Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical
- Teacher disagreement score
- 0.305
- Threshold uncertainty score
- 0.997
- Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated·codex-gemma-dda1882f352a
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.055 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.296 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
We present a new general formalism for investigating the second-order optical response of solids, and illustrate it by deriving expressions for the second-order susceptibility tensor ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{2}(\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\Sigma}};{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\beta}},{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}),$ where ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}={\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}+{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}},$ for clean, cold semiconductors in the independent particle approximation. Based on the identification of a polarization operator $\mathbf{P}$ that would be valid even in a more complicated many-body treatment, the approach avoids apparent, unphysical divergences of the nonlinear optical response at zero frequency that sometimes plague such calculations. As a result, it allows for a careful examination of $\mathit{actual}$ divergences associated with physical phenomena that have been studied before, but not in the context of nonlinear optics. These are (i) a coherent current control effect called ``injection current,'' or ``circular photocurrent,'' and (ii) photocurrent due to the shift of the center of electron charge in noncentrosymmetric materials in the process of optical excitation, called ``shift current.'' The expressions we present are amenable for numerical calculations, and we demonstrate this by performing a full band-structure calculation of the shift current coefficient for GaAs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- Physical review. B, Condensed matter
- Topic
- Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
- Field
- Physics and Astronomy
- Canadian institutions
- University of Toronto
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Keywords
- PhysicsOmegaQuantum mechanicsExcitationPhotocurrentSemiconductorOrder (exchange)Nonlinear opticalElectronFormalism (music)Atomic physicsCondensed matter physicsMathematical physicsNonlinear system
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes