Inheritance of herbicide resistance in two germplasm lines of Clearfield* rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inheritance of imidazolinone resistance in two germplasms of Clearfield rice lines, 93AS3510 and PWC-16, was studied using parents, F 1 hybrids, F 2 populations , and F 2:3 families. Germination tests were conducted in Petri dishes under controlled environments to reveal any discrete phenotypic responses to herbicide treatments. PWC-16 has a herbicide resistance level 4.9 times higher than that of 93AS3510. A concentration of 1 mg L -1 a.i. (active ingredient) of imazethapyr herbicide produced three distinctive response types in 93AS3510 crosses, while a concentration of 10 mg L -1 was required to differentiate the three response types in PWC-16 crosses. The segregation of the herbicide-resistant gene from both Clearfield rice lines fit into the Mendelian 1:2:1 (susceptible:intermediate:resistant) ratio. There was no maternal effect associated with the inheritance of the trait. The imidazolinone resistance, therefore, is governed by a single incomplete dominant nuclear gene. The F 1 hybrid from a cross between resistant and non-resistant lines will produce resistant plants. Clearfield rice provides an effective use of imidazolinone herbicides to control red rice, the most troublesome weed of rice, along with other rice weeds. Preventing transfer of the herbicide-resistant gene into red rice is crucial to maintain its effectiveness. Key words: Rice, Oryza sativa, imazethapyr, herbicide resistance, imidazolinone, incomplete dominance, heritability
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".