The Sustainability of Dual Earner at the Workplace in Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Malaysia has moved away from the sole breadwinner towards a dual breadwinner paradigm. Important criterion of success for such new paradigm is the integration of women and particularly of mothers, into the labor force. According to statistics compiled by the Statistics Department of Malaysia (1970, 1980, 1991 & 2003) and Malaysia 2006, about 30.8 percent of women make-up the labor force in 1970. The percentage started to increase to 35.1 percent in 1980, decreased slightly to 33.5 percent in 1991and increased to 36.7 percent in 2005. As for the male labor force, the pattern was the same, whereby the rate was 69.2 percent in 1970, decreased to 64.9 percent in 1980, increased again to 67.9 percent in 1991, but dropped to 63.3 percent in 2005. The demographic shifts have resulted from the economic changes that requires most families to have two incomes for economic viability and from the women’s desire to have both an active and fulfilling family life as well as a career. Men have begun to do slightly more household and childcare tasks as women are involved in employment. This article will highlight the strategies to sustain the dual earner in the workplace.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".