Rheumatoid Arthritis Does Not Reduce the Pharmacodynamic Response to Valsartan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions decrease the cardiovascular response to calcium channel and beta-adrenergics blockers due, likely, to down-regulation of the receptors mediated by pro-inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether down-regulation is also evident in angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT(1)R) during varying inflammatory states. Normotensive subjects were divided into three groups according to the severity of disease: 14 with active rheumatoid arthritis, 12 with controlled rheumatoid arthritis, and 12 healthy control subjects. The AT(1)R antagonist valsartan (160 mg) was given to all the subjects, and blood samples were taken for pharmacokinetic analysis. The systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures were determined at all blood collection times. The degree of inflammation was measured using joint swelling, NO, and CRP. Plasma valsartan concentration was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Patients with active disease had significantly higher joint swelling, NO, and CRP than other groups. Plasma valsartan concentration-time curves were remarkably similar in all groups. No reduced response was noticed. Our preliminary observation suggests a need for further studies to examine the possibility of AT(1)R antagonists as alternatives to other cardiovascular drugs so that their potency may be reduced by inflammation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".