Colorado potato beetles compensate for tomato cathepsin D inhibitor expressed in transgenic potato
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We reported earlier the importance of digestive cathepsin D-like activity for initiating dietary protein hydrolysis in Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say [Brunelle et al. (1999) Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 42:88-98]. We assessed here whether transgenic lines of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) expressing a cathepsin D inhibitor (CDI) from tomato would show resistance to the beetle, or if the insect would compensate for the loss of cathepsin D activity after ingesting the recombinant inhibitor. Transgenic potato lines expressing tomato CDI were developed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens genetic transformation, and selected based on their relative amount of CDI. After confirming the absence of detectable visible effects of CDI on the plant's phenotype, diet assays with control and transgenic lines were carried out to assess the impact of the inhibitor on growth and development of the insect. Leaf consumption, relative growth rate, molting incidence, and digestive protease activity were monitored at 12-h intervals over 132 h for 3rd-instar larvae provided with transgenic potato foliage. Leaf consumption and relative growth rate were slightly reduced during the first 12 h for larvae fed CDI, but no significant differences were observed thereafter. In contrast, time for molting to the 4th larval stage was significantly longer for larvae fed modified plants, with developmental delays of approximately 10 h (0.5 day) compared to control larvae. Recombinant CDI also had an impact on the insect's digestive physiology, readily inducing overproduction of digestive proteases (rubiscases), followed by a gradual decrease of total and pepstatin-sensitive activity. Overall, these observations show the ability of Colorado potato beetle to compensate for the loss of cathepsin D activity by modulating its digestive protease complement in response to aspartate-type inhibitors in the diet. From a practical viewpoint, these data stress the importance of devising improved strategies for the effective inhibition of insect digestive proteinases in vivo, based on the use of hybrid inhibitors active against different protease classes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".