Somatic hybridization between <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> and <i>S. cardiophyllum</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The wild diploid Mexican species, Solanum cardiophyllum Lindl. (2n = 2x = 24), is resistant to important potato diseases. However, introgression of resistance to the tetraploid cultivated potato (S. tuberosum L.) (2n = 4x = 48) by conventional crossing is not feasible due to the difference in their endosperm balance number between these species. Somatic hybrids between S. cardiophyllum and S. tuberosum were produced for the first time by electrofusion of protoplasts isolated from young leaves of each parental line. The hybrid nature of the regenerated plants was confirmed based on morphology, chromosome number and DNA species-specific RAPD markers. All the somatic hybrids produced a violet pigmentation on their stems and petioles, which resembled the wild partner. Most of the hybrid plants had 2n = 72 chromosomes and exhibited a morphology intermediate between the two fusion parents, but with a tendency towards cultivated potato. These plants flowered and set fruit when backcrossed with their S. tuberosum fusion parent. Key words: Potato (Solanum tuberosum), S. cardiophyllum, protoplast fusion, RAPD marker
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".