Invasive Haemophilus influenzae in British Columbia: non-Hib and non-typeable strains causing disease in children and adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To characterize invasive Haemophilus influenzae and to examine the population at risk for invasive H. influenzae disease in British Columbia, Canada, 2008-2009. METHODS: H. influenzae recovered from individual patients were characterized by serotyping, biotyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Age information was recorded from specimen requisition forms. RESULTS: Of the 98 cases, 66% were caused by non-typeable strains, followed by serotypes b (12%), a (10%), f (10%), and e (1%). Cases caused by serotypes b and f and non-typeable strains were mainly in adults over 18 years of age, while cases due to serotype a were mainly in children under the age of 2 years. Different sequence types were found in encapsulated strains according to their serotypes, and non-typeable strains had their own unique sequence types. No capsule switching was documented. Antibiotic resistance was common among non-typeable strains, with 31% identified as genotypic β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains. CONCLUSION: Invasive H. influenzae disease in a population vaccinated against Hib was age-dependent and involved both non-typeable and encapsulated strains. Adults were susceptible to invasive diseases due to non-typeable and serotype b and f strains, while in children, most diseases were due to serotype a bacteria.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".