Invasive Haemophilus influenzae in British Columbia: non-Hib and non-typeable strains causing disease in children and adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To characterize invasive Haemophilus influenzae and to examine the population at risk for invasive H. influenzae disease in British Columbia, Canada, 2008-2009. METHODS: H. influenzae recovered from individual patients were characterized by serotyping, biotyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Age information was recorded from specimen requisition forms. RESULTS: Of the 98 cases, 66% were caused by non-typeable strains, followed by serotypes b (12%), a (10%), f (10%), and e (1%). Cases caused by serotypes b and f and non-typeable strains were mainly in adults over 18 years of age, while cases due to serotype a were mainly in children under the age of 2 years. Different sequence types were found in encapsulated strains according to their serotypes, and non-typeable strains had their own unique sequence types. No capsule switching was documented. Antibiotic resistance was common among non-typeable strains, with 31% identified as genotypic β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains. CONCLUSION: Invasive H. influenzae disease in a population vaccinated against Hib was age-dependent and involved both non-typeable and encapsulated strains. Adults were susceptible to invasive diseases due to non-typeable and serotype b and f strains, while in children, most diseases were due to serotype a bacteria.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".