Effect of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) of human brain areas MT+ and V1 on color and motion perception.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies on chromatic and luminance defined global motion have established a dissociation between visual thresholds for direction discrimination and stimulus detection (Michna & Mullen, JOV 8(5):10, 2008). Here we use cTBS (a repetitive TMS protocol) to investigate the differential effects of stimulation on these thresholds in areas hMT+ and V1. We use both luminance and isoluminant chromatic global motion stimuli. Methods: Brain areas hMT+ and V1 were localized using the reported induction of moving or stationary phosphenes, respectively. The vertex was stimulated as a control. Eight participants performed a motion discrimination task in which the direction of Gaussian dots in a random dot kinematogram was identified, and a detection task, in which the dots was detected regardless of motion, for isoluminant chromatic and luminance stimuli. Thresholds were measured before cTBS and after stimulation for one hour. Results: For the motion discrimination task, cTBS stimulation of area hMT+ selectively impaired visual performance for both luminance and isoluminant chromatic stimuli in comparison to area V1 and vertex. Maximal effects occurred 3-18 minutes after stimulation, and by one hour performance had returned to baseline. For the detection task, no selective effect of cTBS was observed. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the use of cTBS impairs the function of area hMT+, providing further evidence that hMT+ is involved in the analysis of luminance defined global motion. Also, even though isoluminant color vision is poor for motion perception, we show that area hMT+ is contributing to residual chromatic motion at isoluminance. The results indicate a causal link between neural activity in area hMT+ and the perception of chromatic motion. This effect may be mediated by the response of M-cells to the chromatic stimuli, which feed into the motion pathway. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2014
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".