A Numerical Investigation on a Flow of a Viscous Oil Drop in Water Inside a Small Diameter Capillary Tube
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports the findings of a two dimensional numerical CFD simulation of a two phase immiscible flow. The results of the simulations are validated by use of theoretical equations and comparisons to published experimental results. From the computational results, we show how the water film thickness surrounding the oil drop changes with capillary number and how the transient pressure profile changes with velocity. It is shown how a numerical simulation can provide accurate details of a flow that is hard to simulate and visualize in an experiment. We provide a pressure Vs Time data obtained from the simulation which shows the wetting film of water reduces the required pressure drop. It is seen that a presence of a water film makes it easier for the oil drop to move under a lower pressure. This study will be helpful in comparing the vibrational effect on oil drop mobilization because it is expected the pressure required after vibrational stimulation will fall between the maximum pressure without water film and minimum pressure with water film.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".