Bearing capacity of shallow foundations in saturated and unsaturated sands from SPT–CPT correlations
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The in situ bearing capacity of sandy soils is determined or estimated using plate load tests (PLTs), cone penetration tests (CPTs), or standard penetration tests (SPTs). The contribution of matric suction toward the bearing capacity of unsaturated sands is, however, not estimated from these tests. In this paper, SPTs and PLTs were conducted in situ on sandy soil in Ottawa, Canada under saturated and unsaturated conditions to demonstrate the contribution of matric suction on the bearing capacity results. In addition, relationships are proposed to estimate the bearing capacity of sands under both saturated and unsaturated conditions from the SPTs results. Comparisons are provided between the measured and estimated bearing capacity values for three different sands from the literature using the proposed relationships. The results of the study suggest that the proposed relationships can be used in the estimation of the bearing capacity of both saturated and unsaturated sands.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it