The Complexity Conundrum: Why Hasn't the Gender Gap in Subjective Political Competence Closed?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. In the 1960s, the gender gap in subjective political competence was assumed to reflect women's lack of socioeconomic resources, their confinement to the domestic sphere and their gender role socialization. Since then, women have moved into the labour force in vast numbers and conceptions of gender roles have been radically altered under the influence of the feminist movement. Yet, the gender gap in subjective political competence persists. This paper uses the Canadian Election Studies (1965–2008) to analyze gender differences in subjective political competence across time. Not only is the association between affluence and subjective political competence weaker for women, but the effect of affluence has weakened over time for women but not for men. Few generational effects are found; this suggests that the politicizing role of feminist socialization is much weaker than had been anticipated. Résumé. Depuis les années 1960, la littérature en science politique assume que l'écart entre les hommes et les femmes en matière de compétence politique subjective était dû au manque de ressources financières des femmes, à leur confinement à la sphère domestique et au rôle traditionnel que la société leur accordait. Depuis, les femmes ont intégré le marché du travail en masse et le contexte social a changé sous l'influence du mouvement féministe. Pourtant, l'écart entre les hommes et les femmes en matière de compétence politique subjective persiste. À l'aide des Études Électorales Canadiennes (1965–2008), cet article analyse les différences entre hommes et femmes en matière de compétence politique subjective à travers le temps. Les résultats montrent que non seulement le lien entre l'affluence économique et la compétence politique subjective est plus faible chez les femmes que chez les hommes mais que ce lien s'est affaibli au cours des années chez les femmes. De plus, peu d'effets générationnels sont constatés. Cela suggère que l'effet sur les attitudes politiques de la socialisation féministe s'avère beaucoup plus faible qu'anticipé.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".