Particle Physics Catalysis of Thermal Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We point out that the existence of metastable, $\ensuremath{\tau}>{10}^{3}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}$, negatively charged electroweak-scale particles (${X}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) alters the predictions for lithium and other primordial elemental abundances for $A>4$ via the formation of bound states with nuclei during big bang nucleosynthesis. In particular, we show that the bound states of ${X}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ with helium, formed at temperatures of about $T={10}^{8}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$, lead to the catalytic enhancement of $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ production, which is 8 orders of magnitude more efficient than the standard channel. In particle physics models where subsequent decay of ${X}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ does not lead to large nonthermal big bang nucleosynthesis effects, this directly translates to the level of sensitivity to the number density of long-lived ${X}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ particles ($\ensuremath{\tau}>{10}^{5}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}$) relative to entropy of ${n}_{{X}^{\ensuremath{-}}}/s\ensuremath{\lesssim}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$, which is one of the most stringent probes of electroweak scale remnants known to date.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it