Radical Cystectomy in the Elderly: National Trends and Disparities in Perioperative Outcomes and Quality of Care
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: To examine national trends of radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder in octogenarian patients and to assess the rates of adverse outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), we focused on RCs performed between 1998 and 2007. Age was stratified as <80 versus ≥80 years. Propensity-based matched analyses were used to account for treatment selection biases. Generalized linear regression analyses were fitted to predict adverse perioperative events according to age. RESULTS: Of 12,274 RC patients, 1,605 were ≥80 years (13.1%). The RC rates in octogenarians increased significantly from 9.9% in 1998 to 13.7% in 2007. Most elderly patients were treated at low-/intermediate-volume hospitals (81.7%) and nonacademic centers (60.6%). After propensity score matching, the inpatient mortality rate was higher in octogenarians (4.6 vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, octogenarians were at increased risk of blood transfusions (OR: 1.30) and postoperative complications (OR: 1.22). CONCLUSIONS: Most octogenarians undergoing RC are treated at low-/intermediate-volume hospitals and at nonacademic centers. The inpatient hospital mortality is about twice as high in these patients, and adverse perioperative outcomes are more frequent. Such patients may benefit from RC at high-volume and/or academic centers to maximally reduce adverse perioperative outcomes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it