X chromosome reactivation perturbs intracellular self/not‐self discrimination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New reports indicate a chromosomal rather than hormonal basis for the susceptibility of females to autoimmune disease. It is held that if females reactivate an inactivated X chromosome, there will be overexpression of certain X-located genes affecting immune function. Hence, normal mechanisms of self/not-self discrimination might be impaired resulting in immune reaction to self antigens. However, the data are also consistent with the long-held view that the demands of intracellular self/not-self discrimination have driven the evolution of X-chromosome dosage compensation. It was proposed that, whether cells are in male or female bodies, concentrations of proteins are fine-tuned up to their aggregation thresholds. A disruption of this equilibrium, by agents originating either externally (for example, virus) or internally (for example, reactivated X chromosome), generates homoaggregates that trigger responses against the respective not-self or self antigens. Thus, female susceptibility to autoimmune disease may not be because certain immune system genes happen to be X-located, but because self/not-self discrimination was the raison d'être for X-chromosome dosage compensation in the first place.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".