Cathodic Potential Oscillations of Sn(II) Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution in Acid Stannous Sulfate Solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cathodic potential oscillations of Sn(II) reduction and hydrogen evolution in acid stannous sulfate solutions were investigated by cyclic voltammetry under galvanostatic conditions and chronopotentiometry. The potential oscillations are observed when the applied current density is above the limiting value, and they are observed only at low current scan rates and at constant current density. In the absence of gelatin, damped potential oscillations are evident. This is attributed to a dendritic growth, which increases the surface area and reduces the current density below the limiting value. Sustained potential oscillation can be achieved with gelatin, where a smooth deposit is expected due to an inhibitory effect and∕or absorption of gelatin on the cathode surface. It has been found that gelatin has the effect of extending the lifespan of the potential oscillations. In order to have sustained potential oscillations, the deposits on the cathode should be smooth so that the effective current density remains higher than the limiting value.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".