Isolates of endophytic <i>Chaetomium</i> spp. inhibit the fungal pathogen <i>Pyrenophora tritici-repentis</i> in vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Growth of a culturable pathogen, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs., was inhibited by six isolates of endophytic Chaetomium spp. in vitro when grown in apposition. Metabolites of the endophytes, when grown either on agar or in liquid media, also inhibited the pathogen. The culture filtrate of Chaetomium was extracted in 70% ethanol, and the ethanol-soluble fraction that either passed through a molecular sieve of 3000 molecular mass cutoff or was held on 30 000 molecular mass cutoff inhibited the pathogen. The high molecular mass fraction was a protein with one major band at 29 kDa. The electroeluted band delayed the growth of the pathogen in vitro. Inhibition was retained in filtrate stored frozen, as dried residue, and when rehydrated after drying. Autoclaving reduced, whereas proteinase K treatment did not affect, the activity of the proteinaceous fraction. The data support the hypothesis that endophytic Chaetomium produce a range of metabolites that inhibit P. tritici-repentis in vitro and may affect the pathogen when the fungi co-occur in wheat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".