Strain hardening characteristics of deep drawing quality steels with geometric constraints
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Strain hardening characteristics of two rolled deep drawing quality (DDQ) steels, namely, interstitial free (IF) and aluminium killed (AK), have been studied with and without the presence of geometric constraints at room temperature. Strain hardening exponent and rate are investigated for plain, centre holed and double notched sheet specimens for both longitudinal and transversal orientations. Four empirical relations based on total and incremental stress and strain components are considered to get a deeper insight into the deformation and workhardening behaviour of annealed sheets. Strain hardening exponents and yield strengths for steel with ultralow carbon contents (IF) are found in the range of 0·22–0·30 and 145–170 MPa respectively. The steel grade (AK) with higher carbon content (0·028%) and yield strength (174–197 MPa) exhibits strain hardening exponent around 0·18–0·27. Single and two-stage workhardening is observed for the IF and AK grades. Workhardening as a function of plastic strain follows the power law relation of the form workhardening rate (WHR) = α(ϵT)β . A transition from high to low hardening rate tends to occur for strains ranging from 0·05 to 0·10. An analytical model is formulated for theoretical estimation of strain hardening exponent from true strain data. The experimentally determined and the theoretically computed strain hardening exponent data match fairly well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".