Schirmer tear test values and tear film break‐up times in cats with conjunctivitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: (1) To document tear film break-up time (TFBUT) in a group of cats with conjunctivitis; (2) to determine if TFBUTs from cats with conjunctivitis vary significantly from previously established normal values for TFBUT in young cats without ocular disease; (3) to determine if a correlation exists between Schirmer tear test (STT) values and TFBUTs in cats with conjunctivitis; (4) to determine if the TFBUTs in cats with conjunctivitis are influenced by the detection of DNA from feline herpes virus-type 1 (FHV-1), Chlamydophila felis, Mycoplasma spp., and feline calicivirus. ANIMALS STUDIED: Fourteen cats between the ages of 0.8 years to 12 years with active, untreated conjunctivitis and without active keratitis or other ocular or systemic abnormalities were included in this study. Procedures Complete ophthalmic examinations, including TFBUT, were performed on all cats. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for FHV-1, Chlamydophila felis, Mycoplasma spp., and feline calicivirus was performed on conjunctival swabs from affected eyes and blood samples from all cats. RESULTS: Mean TFBUT for cats in this study was 8.9 (+/- 4.8) s in the right eye (OD) and 8.1 (+/- 4.6) s in the left eye (OS). No correlation existed between mean TFBUTs and mean STT values OD or OS. Conjunctival swabs from seven cats (n = 9 eyes) tested positive via PCR for one of the above infectious agents. Blood samples from nine cats tested positive for FHV-1. Mean TFBUTs for cats from which the DNA from FHV-1 was isolated from the blood were significantly lower than mean TFBUTs for cats from which no such DNA was isolated from the blood. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the mean TFBUT in cats with conjunctivitis was significantly lower than previously established values for clinically healthy cats. This supports the theory that qualitative tear film deficiency, and thus tear film instability, may play a role in the pathogenesis of feline conjunctivitis. Qualitative tear film deficiency may predispose to the development of conjunctivitis or may occur secondarily to this condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".