Therapy of paretic arm in hemiplegic subjects augmented with a neural prosthesis: A cross-over study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are indications that both intensive exercise and electrical stimulation have a beneficial effect on arm function in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. We recommend the use of Functional Electrical Therapy (FET), which combines electrical stimulation of the paretic arm and intensive voluntary movement of the arm to exercise daily functions. FET was applied 30 min daily for 3 weeks. Forty-one acute hemiplegics volunteered in the 18-months single blinded cross-over study (CoS). Nineteen patients (Group A) participated in FET during their acute hemiplegia, and 22 patients (Group B) participated in FET during their chronic phase of hemiplegia. Group B patients were controls during FET in acute hemiplegia, and Group A patients were controls during the FET in chronic hemiplegia. Thirty-two patients completed the study. The outcomes of the Upper Extremity Function Test (UEFT) were used to assess the ability of patients to functionally use objects, as were the Drawing Test (DT) (used to assess the coordination of the arm), the Modified Ashworth Scale, the range of movement, and the questionnaire estimating the patients' satisfaction with the usage of the paretic arm. Patients who participated in the FET during the acute phase of hemiplegia (Group A) reached functionality of the paretic arm, on average, in less than 6 weeks, and maintained this near-normal use of the arm and hand throughout the follow-up. The gains in all outcome scores were significantly larger in Group A after FET and at all follow-ups compared with the scores before the treatment. The gains in patients who participated in the FET in the chronic phase of hemiplegia (Group B) were measurable, yet not significant. The speed of recovery was larger during the period of the FET compared with the follow-up period. The gains in Group A were significantly larger compared with the gains in Group B. The FET greatly promotes the recovery of the paretic arm if applied during the acute phase of post-stroke hemiplegia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".