LONG-TERM SIGNAL OF DISTURBANCE:<i>FUCUS GARDNERI</i>AFTER THE<i>EXXON VALDEZ</i>OIL SPILL
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We followed long-term dynamics of a conspicuous intertidal brown alga, Fucus gardneri, for seven years after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. We compared percent cover of Fucus over time at sites that had been oiled, some of which were washed with high-pressure hot water, relative to sites that had experienced neither oil nor cleanup activities (reference sites). Fucus cover at spill-disturbed sites was initially reduced due to toxic effects of oil and cleanup but rapidly increased to above normal levels and then subsequently dropped in 1994–1995. The changes in cover at spill-disturbed sites were dramatic (≥50% decline year-to-year) and synchronous across all quadrats at a site. In contrast, reference sites demonstrated little synchrony. We examined two possible mechanisms that could generate synchronous fluctuations at spill-disturbed sites, i.e., (1) plant–herbivore coupling, in which limpet or snail grazing would reduce Fucus populations (hypothesis tested by analyzing abundances from 1990 to 1996), and (2) a single cohort of Fucus recruiting soon after the spill that would monopolize space for several years before declining synchronously (hypothesis tested by analyzing size frequency in 1996). We found no evidence for the first mechanism but support for the latter. The persistent patterns in size structure and dynamics in Fucus after EVOS suggest that full recovery had not occurred by 1996, even though Fucus cover at spill-disturbed sites was similar to reference areas within a few years of the spill.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".