Comparative Susceptibility of Adult African Invader Fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Some Selected Insecticides in Ghana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the recent introduction of B. invadens in Africa and its devastating role in crop production, especially mango, with currently no registered insecticides for use against this fly in Ghana, the susceptibility of the fly to four commercially available insecticidal products namely, Cydim Super, Pyrinex 48 EC, Diazol 50 EW and Deltapaz was evaluated in the laboratory. The bioassay was conducted using three (3) different doses of each insecticidal product, by dipping 4x4 cm hardboard panels into the respective doses. Susceptibility of the flies to insecticides were assessed on freshly treated panels, 3-day-old and 6-day-old treated panels in some ventilated transparent bottles of 1 litre capacity. Adult flies aged between 4-12 days were used for the bioassays. The bioassay results indicated that the adult flies were more susceptible to Diazol (Diazinon) (LC50 = 0.6 ml/L; LC90 = 1.3 ml/L) and Pyrinex (Chlorpyrifos) (LC50 = 0.8 ml/L; LC90 =1.0 ml/L), and hence gave the least LT50 and LT90 times. Least susceptibility was recorded with Deltapaz (Deltamethrin) (LC50 = 3.1 ml/L; LC90 = 5.2 ml/L). It could be concluded that the control of B. invadens can be achieved more effectively by the use Pyrinex (Chlorpyrifos) and Diazol (Diazinon). The use of Pyrinex appears to be more economical to the resource poor farmers as it had least LC90 of 1.0 ml/L compared to 1.3 ml/L for Diazol in 30 min.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".