Parkinson’s disease among Inuit in Greenland: organochlorines as risk factors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In the present study we investigate organochlorines as possible risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) in an arctic population. This has never been done before. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study of Inuit in Greenland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plasma from 31 PD (20 males and 11 females) (mean age 69 yr) and 122 controls (57 males and 65 females) (mean age 61 yr) was analysed for 31 PCBs and pesticides by dual-column GC-ECD and GC-NCI/MS. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of PCBs and pesticides were markedly increased in both PD and controls. The concentrations did not differ between the PD cases and controls. However, the mean DDE concentration was higher in PD than in controls (42.1 and 15.0 microg/l, respectively, and with a wide range among the PD cases). The difference was significant for log transformed DDE values after control for age and sex (p=0.005). CONCLUSION: A few epidemiological studies indicate a possible connection between exposure to pesticides and PD. The idea that exposure to organochlorines may be an important risk factor for PD among the Inuit in Greenland requires more investigations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".