Screening Experiments for Butyl Acrylate/Vinyl Acetate Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Emulsion-based pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are gaining in importance due to their improved performance as well as the lower environmental impact of the emulsion polymerization process. In this study, the influence of eight emulsion polymerization variables on the final PSA properties of butyl acrylate/vinyl acetate (BA/VAc) emulsion-based PSAs was investigated (i.e., BA/VAc ratio, acrylic acid content, type and concentration of stabilizer, concentration of initiator, concentration of CTA, temperature, solids content). Final performance properties such as peel strength, shear strength, and tack were investigated on two different substrates: stainless steel and high-density polyethylene. A wide range of properties was generated ranging from very good to poor PSA performance. The screening design fulfilled its purpose in that it was used to generate a wide range of final properties. The results obtained here will be used in the decision-making process for further experimentation. However, for several reasons, the development of empirical models to relate the process conditions to the final product properties was not possible. In all three adhesive tests, the performance of the investigated adhesives was superior on the stainless steel substrate compared to high-density polyethylene. Most of the adhesives showed relatively high loop tack coupled with either adhesive or cohesive failure on both substrates. In most cases, peel strength was higher on stainless steel. A broad range of shear strength responses was observed: extremely high, on the order of several weeks, to zero shear strength. The chain transfer agent, which regulated the gel content of the emulsion latexes and the molecular weight of the soluble polymer fraction as well as the monomer feed composition, was suspected to be among the most influential factors affecting the final PSA performance. In addition, it was possible to obtain balanced final properties using either sodium dodecyl sulfate or poly(vinyl alcohol) as surfactant but at different concentrations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".