Population Baseline of Meconium Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters Among Infants of Nondrinking Women in Jerusalem and Toronto
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The detection of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in meconium may provide an objective estimate of prenatal alcohol exposure independent of maternal history. The authors report the results of the first population-based study conducted to investigate basal FAEE levels in the meconium of neonates not exposed to alcohol. Two hundred seven nondrinking women and their neonates were recruited from Toronto and Jerusalem. FAEE were extracted from meconium by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by GC/FID. Similar procedures were conducted in six neonates born to confirmed heavy drinkers. Low levels of meconium FAEE were detected from both cohorts (mean, 1.37 nmol/g vs. 2.08 nmol/g, Toronto vs. Jerusalem). Ethyl stearate, oleate, and linoleate were below the limit of detection in >80% of all samples, whereas ethyl laurate and palmitate were detected in >50% of the samples. Ethyl myristate was the FAEE most commonly detected (>80%). All six meconium samples with confirmed maternal drinking histories tested positive for FAEE at significantly higher levels (mean, 11.08 nmol/g). The use of 2 nmol total FAEE/g meconium as the positive cutoff, when lauric and myristic acid ethyl esters were excluded, yielded the greatest sensitivity (100%) and specificity (98.4%). The authors conclude that certain FAEE are present at measurable levels in the meconium of neonates not exposed to maternal drinking, and correction is needed to allow high specificity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".