A review of the moss-monitoring survey around the Trail smelter,British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The distribution of aerially deposited metals, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn, was studied using passive collection moss monitoring in the vicinity of the smelter in Trail, British Columbia, Canada. The concentrations of metals/metalloids were measured in moss bags exposed to atmospheric deposition for periods of three months. The results show the greatest deposition of metals proximal to the smelter, and a decrease in deposition with increasing distance from the smelter. The pattern of deposition varies with the season, the element under study, and the location of the monitoring station. The depositional pattern around the Trail smelter is controlled mainly by the physiography of the region as related to shape and orientation of the Columbia river valley and direction of the prevailing wind. The results show that the annual aerial deposition of metals is directly related to the quantity of stack-emitted metals and Pb–Zn production levels. The distribution of Pb, Zn and Cd in surface soils around the Trail smelter shows a similar pattern to their deposition at moss-monitoring stations. These soils are characterized by an elevated concentration of metals in the proximity of the smelter, indicating the effect of airborne materials on the geochemistry of the soils in the study area. Such similarity was not found for Hg, Cu and As, indicating that the variation of these elements in soil samples is more likely related to soil chemistry rather than to atmospheric deposition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".