Examining the Adoption of Product and Process Innovations in the Canadian Food Processing Industry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we study the factors associated with innovation in the food processing industry using a survey of Western Canadian food processors. Our primary motivation is to gain a better understanding of the mechanics of innovation related to the adoption of product and process innovation. In particular, we consider the jointness ofex postrealizations of product and process innovations, and assess whether there are underlying differences that result from innovations developed inhouse versus those developed externally by a third party. Using a multivariate probit model, we find evidence of significant interrelationships between product and process innovations that are developed inhouse. These findings suggest that firms that conduct both process and product innovations inhouse are better able to enjoy complementarities that arise in the discovery process. We also find that firms are more likely to innovate in response to keeping pace with competitors. Dans le présent article, nous examinons les facteurs liés à l'innovation dans l'industrie de la transformation alimentaire, à l'aide d'un sondage effectué auprès des transformateurs agroalimentaires dans l'Ouest canadien. L'objectif principal vise à mieux comprendre les mécanismes de l'innovation liés à l'adoption de nouveaux produits et procédés. Nous examinons les liens entre les réalisations ex post de nouveaux produits et procédés, et nous évaluons s'il existe ou non des différences sous‐jacentes découlant du développement de produits à l'interne par rapport au développement de produits à l'externe par des tiers. À l'aide d'un modèle probit multivariable, nous montrons qu'il existe une interdépendance considérable entre les nouveaux produits et procédés élaborés à l'interne. Ces résultats autorisent à penser que les entreprises qui mettent au point de nouveaux produits et procédés à l'interne sont mieux en mesure de profiter des avantages complémentaires qu'engendre le processus de découverte. Les entreprises sont également plus enclines à innover pour suivre les concurrents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".