Influence of Periodized Strength Training on Females With and Without Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a considerable health and socioeconomic hindrance on western society. Chronic (≥3 months) non-specific (soft tissue) low back pain (CLBP) is the most common diagnosis. Recently, periodized strength training was successfully used as a form of CLBP rehabilitation. Thirteen weeks of periodized strength training (i.e., musculoskeletal rehabilitation) by CLBP participants produced ∼40% increases in strength; these increases are similar to other research studies using healthy participants. PURPOSE: To clearly establish if females with and without CLBP show similar increases in muscular strength following 11 weeks of periodized strength training. METHODS: Forty five females (24±3.2 yrs) volunteered for the study. The CLBP (n=15) and no LBP (non-LBP) (n=15) groups completed 16-weeks of testing (5 test sessions) and periodized strength training (11 weeks; 3-4 days. week-1). The control group (C, n=15) was disallowed to strength train during the study, but maintained other recreational activities and took part in all testing sessions. Average weekly training volume and intensity were 1,563 repetitions and 67% 1 repetition maximum (RM), respectively. All participants received instruction on exercise technique and RM protocol. Testing occurred at pre-familiarization, pre-strength, and at weeks 4, 8 and 12 of strength training. The participants completed 2-weeks of familiarization, followed by 9-weeks of strength training. The CLBP group's mean pain score (10-point scale) was 4.9 prior to familiarization testing. RESULTS: The p-level was set at ≤0.05. At baseline no significant (p≤0.05) differences were noted between the groups on age, height, body mass, body fat, or strength. Significant (p≤0.05) increases in strength from pre-strength to week 12 were found in both groups: CLBP (Week 4: leg press=13%, bench press=14%; Week 12: leg press=55%, bench press=39%); and non-LBP (Week 4: leg press=10%, bench press=11%; Week 12: leg press=40%, bench press=34%). No significant (p≤0.05) differences were noted between the training groups at any testing points. CONCLUSION: Females with CLBP are able make significant increases in strength following 11 weeks of periodized strength training, attaining similar strength increases as no LBP females. Sponsored by the Augustana Research and Travel grant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".