SYSTEMATICS IN THE STRUCTURE AND XANES SPECTRA OF PYROXENES, AMPHIBOLES, AND MICAS AS DERIVED FROM ORIENTED SINGLE CRYSTALS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to assess the extent of X-ray anisotropy in biaxial minerals, Fe XANES spectra were acquired on single crystals of pyroxenes, amphiboles, and micas with the X-ray beam polarized along the X, Y, and Z optical orientations. Specifically, single crystals of enstatite (En), augite (Aug), aegirine (Ae), kaersutite (Krs; three different compositions), dioctahedral (Ms and Ill), and trioctahedral (Ann and Phl) micas were selected. Each crystal was oriented morphologically and with the aid of EXCALIBR using a spindle stage equipped polarized light microscope, and their XANES spectra were acquired at beamline X26a, NSLS, using a special geometry of the beam to accommodate the goniometer head and a 20 30 m X-ray beam. As would be expected from visible and IR spectra of these minerals, the intensity of both pre-edge and main edge peaks is variable as a function of orientation. Structural similarities among these mineral groups result in similarities among their XANES spectra. Spectra acquired along the length of the chains (c for pyroxene, c for amphibole, and a for sheet silicates) are similar, with corresponding changes in the optical directions, such that Ydioct ≈ Ztrioct ≈ ZKrs ≈ ZEn ≈ XAe (clinopyroxene is intermediate). Spectra taken along the b crystallographic axes (along the layer of octahedra, across the I-beam) are similar for all groups (Zdioct ≈ Ytrioct ≈ YKrs ≈ XEn ≈ YAug), and more similar for the amphiboles and micas. Lastly, spectra acquired along the stacking direction, which is the a crystallographic direction for pyroxene and amphiboles and the c crystallographic direction in sheet silicates, are analogous.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".