Response by trout populations in alpine lakes to an experimental halt to stocking
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Trout are often stocked into alpine lakes based on the generally untested assumption that resident populations would go extinct without stocking. The objectives of our study were to estimate the proportion of currently or formerly stocked alpine lakes in the Sierra Nevada, California, containing naturally reproducing trout populations (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita, Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi), identify characteristics of lakes associated with successful reproduction, and quantify the effects of stocking termination on trout density and individual growth rates in reproducing populations. We surveyed trout populations in 95 lakes in the John Muir Wilderness before and after a 4- to 8-year stocking halt and in 84 lakes in SequoiaKings Canyon National Park after a ≥20-year stocking hiatus. Based on recruitment during the no-stocking period, 70% and 68% of study lakes in the John Muir Wilderness and Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park, respectively, contained reproducing populations. Results indicated that lakes with >2.1 m 2 of spawning habitat and at elevations <3520 m nearly always showed evidence of reproduction. For reproducing populations, stocking termination did not result in significant changes in population density, but may have increased individual growth rates. We conclude that most trout stocking in Sierra Nevada alpine lakes could be permanently halted with only minimal impact on the recreational fishery.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".