ALTERED MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE EXPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH ONCOGENE‐MEDIATED CELLULAR TRANSFORMATION AND METASTASIS FORMATION
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase expression was examined in a series of mammalian cell lines of varying degrees of malignant progression. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was found to correlate with ras-mediated cellular transformation and as a function of malignant potential. Altered MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was found to correlate also in other oncogene transformed cell lines and the level of expression of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 correlated with metastatic potential. Increased expression of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 was also found in cells which constitutively over-express MAP kinase kinase suggesting that one of the consequences of the persistent activation of the MAP kinase pathway is elevated expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Additionally, this study demonstrated a correlation between the expression of MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) and the level of ras expressed in cells and with the cells' ability to form tumors and with malignant potential. The existence of a novel 80 kDa caseinase activity which correlates with ras expression and the ability of the cell to form tumors was also demonstrated. The growth status of transformed cells was also found to be important in determining the expression of MMP-2 mRNA but not MMP-9 mRNA expression, and this expression was cell-type specific. This study also demonstrates that oncogenes can interact to influence and to determine the nature of the matrix metalloproteinases expressed and that this interaction results in a tumorigenic phenotype and, most importantly, contributes to the metastatic phenotype. Alterations in the expression and the regulation of MMPs, particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9, constitute an integral part of the altered growth regulatory program found within transformed cells and in particular, in transformed cells capable of malignant progression.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it