Development of fluorous porous polymer monolith (FPPM) for the capillary electrochromatographic separation of fluorous analytes based on fluorous–fluorous interaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is the first report on the CEC separation of fluorous analytes on a fluorous porous polymer monolith (FPPM) stationary phase based on fluorous-fluorous interaction. Monolithic columns do not require retaining frits and can be conveniently photo-patterned within a capillary. Two groups of fluorous compounds, a N-f-Cbz-4-nitro-benzylamine (N) series and a N-f-Cbz-4-phenyl-benzylamine (P) series, each series having compounds differing only by the length of their perfluorinated tag, were employed to evaluate the ability of the fluorinated column to separate fluorous analytes using a variety of mobile phase compositions and separation conditions. Fluorous monoliths showed enhanced separation performance by providing better selectivity, higher resolution and shorter analysis time compared to a similar non-fluorous (reversed phase) monolithic column. Under optimal conditions, column efficiency as high as 234,000 plates per metre was achieved, and all four compounds of the N series were fully resolved in <5 minutes. Perfluoromethylene selectivity was used to quantitatively evaluate the interaction between the perfluorinated chain on the analytes and both the FPPM and non-FPPM columns. It was found that the non-FPPM column resolves fluorous analytes mainly based on reversed phase interaction while the FPPM column resolves them mainly based on fluorous-fluorous interaction. Results are compared to fluorous monolith columns used in a nano-liquid-chromatographic (nano-LC) separation with gradient elution. The FPPM column required less than one fifth the analysis time in CEC mode than was required in nanoLC mode, with superior separation efficiency and resolution. FPPM stationary phases provide an attractive option for the analysis of perfluorinated analytes, which is expected to be useful in areas such as proteomics for the separation of fluorously tagged proteins, and in environmental analysis where fluorinated species are of increasing concern.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".