Effect of expanded slate aggregate on fresh properties and shear behaviour of lightweight SCC beams
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lightweight normal concrete (NC) and self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixtures were developed using lightweight expanded slate coarse aggregate. The developed mixtures incorporated natural sand, metakaolin (MK) and fly ash (FA), and had a density in the range 1817–1984 kg/m 3 . All the mixtures were developed with variable compressive strengths (20–61 MPa), lightweight expanded slate to fine aggregate (ES/F) ratios (0·7–2·0), water to binder (W/B) ratios (0·35 and 0·40) and variable total binder contents (500 kg/m 3 and 600 kg/m 3 ). Tests of the fresh properties of the developed lightweight SCC mixtures included flow/passing ability, viscosity and segregation resistance tests. The developed lightweight NC and SCC mixtures were also used to cast 12 identical beams without shear reinforcement to examine their shear strength and cracking behaviour in full-scale concrete structures. The results of the trial mixtures performed on a wide range of ES/F ratios showed that a maximum ES/F ratio of 1·5 could produce lightweight SCC mixtures with acceptable fresh properties and compressive strength, while a maximum ES/F ratio of 2 was able to produce NC mixtures. Although an increase in ES/F ratio decreased the density of the SCC mixtures, it decreased the 28 d compressive strength, reduced the mixture flow ability and passing ability, and increased the segregation risk. However, increasing the ES/F ratio increased the normalised shear loads and post diagonal cracking resistance of all the tested beams. This is because the tested expanded slate aggregate proved to be relatively strong as it did not entirely break along the diagonal crack surface, even in mixtures of 61 MPa strength.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it