Photochemical writing of silica optical waveguides in silicone rubber by F<sub>2</sub>laser
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Photochemical writing of silica (SiO 2 ) optical waveguides in silicone [(SiO(CH 3 ) 2 ) n ] rubber has been successfully demonstrated by 157-nm F 2 laser-induced photochemical modification of silicone into silica. The 2-mm-thick or ∼40- m-thick silicone rubber was exposed to F 2 laser through a thin (∼0.2 mm) air layer. A proximity Cr-on-CaF 2 photomask with 8- to 16- m-wide slits controlled the exposure size to define the width of the silica waveguides. A laser processing window to generate crack-free waveguides with good optical transparency was found by varying the number laser pulse, pulse repetition rate and single pulse laser fluence. Otherwise, rapid or excess exposure of the F 2 laser caused cracking of the silica waveguides. The waveguides were found to guide both red (635-nm) and infrared (1550- nm) wavelength light with propagation loss estimated to be ∼15 and ∼6 dB/cm, respectively. Most of the loss originates in Rayleigh scattering from numerous inclusions originally present in the commercial 2-mm-thick silicone rubber.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".