Effects of Ultrasonic Waves on Immiscible and Miscible Displacement in Porous Media
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Insight into the physical principles governing the mobilization of oil by ultrasonic waves is vital for developing novel techniques of oil extraction. Various mechanisms such as peristaltic transport due to mechanical deformation of the pore walls, reduction of capillary forces due to the destruction of surface films, coalescence of oil drops due to the Bjerknes forces, oscillation and excitation of capillary trapped oil drops, forces generated by cavitating bubbles, and sonocapillary effects may be responsible for enhancing the flow of oil through porous media in the presence of an acoustic field. This paper aims at analyzing the influence of high-frequency, high-intensity ultrasonic radiation on the immiscible and miscible displacement in porous media. Capillary imbibition (co- and counter current) and viscous displacement (Hele-Shaw) experiments were performed with and without ultrasonic waves. We observed that the increase in ultimate recovery is more pronounced than the increase in recovery rate when ultrasonic waves were applied in capillary imbibition experiments. The cases yielding enhancements on displacement efficiency (higher recovery rate and lower residual oil saturation) due to ultrasonic effects were identified. To analyze the viscous displacement under ultrasonic waves, experiments were performed on Hele-Shaw models. Immiscible (for mineral oil-brine and mineral oil-surfactant pairs) and miscible (for mineral oil-pentane, mineral oil-kerosene and mineral oil – 2-Propanol pairs) displacement experiments were performed. Changes on the displacement fronts and patterns were observed under ultrasound. Fractal techniques were used to analyze the changes and correlate them to the intensity of ultrasonic waves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".