A Comparison of Knot Security and Loop Security in Arthroscopic Knots Tied With Newer High‐Strength Suture Materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the knot security and loop security of 2 sliding and 1 static arthroscopic knot tied with different types of suture material. METHODS: We evaluated 3 commonly used arthroscopic knots (surgeon's knot, Roeder knot, and Weston knot) tied with 6 different braided No. 2 sutures (FiberWire [Arthrex, Naples, FL]; Ethibond [Ethicon, Somerville, NJ]; Orthocord [DePuy Mitek, Raynham, MA]; Herculine [now called HiFi; ConMed Linvatec, Largo, FL]; MaxBraid [Arthrotek, Warsaw, IN]; and UltraBraid [Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA]). Each suture loop was then mounted on a materials testing system, and its circumference was measured at a 5-N preload to assess each knot's ability to maintain a tight suture loop without slippage (loop security). Knot security was measured as the maximum force to failure at 3 mm of crosshead displacement or suture breakage during single-pull load testing. RESULTS: We found that tying knots with different types of suture material can affect both the knot security and loop security of various types of arthroscopic knots. When a Roeder knot or surgeon's knot was tied, No. 2 FiberWire had the highest force to failure when compared with similar knots tied with other suture material (P < .001). The loop security for many of the knot and suture configurations was not significantly different. However, No. 2 FiberWire consistently showed the smallest loop circumference when compared with other suture materials. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic knots tied with No. 2 FiberWire provide superior knot security and similar loop security compared with other commonly used high-strength polyethylene suture materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: High-strength sutures exhibit unique mechanical characteristics that may vary significantly between suture types. In addition, knot configuration plays an important role in altering these characteristics as they relate to knot security.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".