The effect of aging on horizontal plane sound localization
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of aging on sound localization. Seven groups of 16 subjects, aged 10-81 years, were tested. Sound localization was assessed using six different arrays of four or eight loudspeakers that surrounded the subject in the horizontal plane, at a distance of 1 m. For two 4-speaker arrays, one loudspeaker was positioned in each spatial quadrant, on either side of the midline or the interaural axis, respectively. For four 8-speaker arrays, two loudspeakers were positioned in each quadrant, one close to the midline and the second separated from the first by 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, or 60 degrees. Three different 300-ms stimuli were localized: two one-third-octave noise bands, centered at 0.5 and 4 kHz, and broadband noise. The stimulus level (75 dB SPL) was well above hearing threshold for all subjects tested. Over the age range studied, percent-correct sound-source identification judgments decreased by 12%-15%. Performance decrements were apparent as early as the third decade of life. Broadband noise was easiest to localize (both binaural and spectral cues were available), and the 0.5-kHz noise band, the most difficult to localize (primarily interaural temporal difference cue available). Accuracy was relatively higher in front of than behind the head, and errors were largely front/back mirror image reversals. A left-sided superiority was evident until the fifth decade of life. The results support the conclusions that the processing of spectral information becomes progressively less efficient with aging, and is generally worse for sources on the right side of space.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it