Laboratory-Based Toxicological Assessments of New Insecticides on Mortality and Fecundity of <I>Neoseiulus fallacis</I> (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) is one of the most abundant predatory phytoseid in deciduous fruit orchards under an integrated pest management (IPM) regimen in eastern North America. Laboratory studies using N. fallacis, and the 'modified excised leaf disc method' identified four insecticides out of six, that would require second-tier field studies before inclusion in an IPM program for deciduous orchards. The overall egg mortality caused by flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, chlothianidin, novaluron, Spinetoram, and spirotetramat ranked from 0 to 37.6%. Larval mortality caused by spirotetramat, spinetoram, novaluron, and chlothianidin ranged from 100 to 78.3%, respectively. Chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide were virtually nontoxic to larvae. Spinetoram, chlothianidin, and spirotetramat caused 100, 61.4, and 40.2% mortality of adult N. fallacis, respectively. Spirotetramat and chlothianidin significantly reduced fecundity, whereas novaluron, flubendiamide, and chlorantraniliprole had no such adverse effect for the duration of the study (168 h). Chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide do not require further second tier field studies and may be included in deciduous orchard IPM programs. Spirotetramat is toxic to several growth stages but it has a very short residual activity, and along with novaluron, which is toxic only to larvae, should be evaluated in second-tier field studies. Clothianidin and spinetoram should be evaluated in second-tier field studies only if alternatives are unavailable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".