Electrical characterization of in-place bonded interfaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wafer bonding using an intermediate layer such as SiO2 is now a standard method for the fabrication of engineered substrates in the semiconductor industry, the prime example being silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. However, direct semiconductor-to-semiconductor bonding by this method has been less successful, since the surfaces to be bonded are typically exposed to air. With the in-place bonding method, semiconductor-to-semiconductor bonding occurs during removal of a sacrificial layer in an HF solution, in principle allowing for a bonded interface that is free of oxygen and other airborn contaminants. We have investigated the interface properties of in-place bonded GaAs/GaAs structures with both transmission electron microscopy and current–voltage measurements. The interface was found to be free of an oxide interlayer and microstructure imperfections. The specific electrical resistance is (2.2 ± 0.5) × 10−4 Ω cm2, an order of magnitude lower than values reported for wafer bonded interfaces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".