Perturbation of rat renal tubule transport of the organic cation amantadine in recent onset streptozotocin-induced diabetes and in uninephrectomy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of early-stage diabetes mellitus and uninephrectomy on the renal tubule transport of amantadine were investigated. Kidney tubules were isolated from streptozotocin-induced diabetic (+/- insulin treatment) uninephrectomized, and control male Sprague-Dawley rats. There were no differences in the Km of amantadine uptake in renal proximal and distal tubules for the imposed treatments compared with control values. Vmax for amantadine uptake in the proximal tubules of diabetic and uninephrectomized rats was higher than the respective control (P < 0.05). Vmax for insulin-treated diabetic rats was similar to control values but was lower than that for untreated diabetic rats (P < 0.05). Vmax for distal tubule uptake was not altered by any treatment. Structure-activity studies demonstrated that bicarbonate-dependent amantadine uptake was inhibited by glycolate and lactate, but not by propionate or alpha-, beta-, or gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Early stage streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and uninephrectomy induced changes in the kidney that resulted in a similar selective increase in proximal tubule amantadine uptake. These data represent the first description that experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and uninephrectomy modulate the function of the renal tubule organic cation (amantadine) transport system. Both interventions represent potential models in which phenotypic modulation of the renal elimination of organic cationic drugs may be achieved and studied.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".