Role of Fly Ash and Aluminum Addition on Ettringite Formation in Lime-Remediated Mine Tailings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, experiments were performed to evaluate the formation of ettringite in mine tailings samples treated with lime, fly ash type “C,” and aluminum. The success of the treated samples was evaluated based on results of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Using lime and fly ash, the preliminary investigation showed that addition of 5 % lime and 10 % fly ash constitutes the threshold of the treatment agents needed to form ettringite. However, long-term hydration resulted in lowering pH, and disintegration of formed ettringite. To overcome this problem, aluminum was added to the samples and formation of ettringite was monitored over a period of 660 days. Experimental results indicated that on availability of aluminum for reaction, primary and secondary ettringite minerals are formed and precipitated in these samples. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that the formed ettringite minerals remained stable during a hydration period of 660 days.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".