Analysis of pressure fluctuations induced by multi‐horizontal submerged jets in the novel jet tank
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract By means of detrending moving average and rescaled range analysis, the multifractal characteristics of the pressure fluctuation rate series (PFRS) derived from instantaneous fluctuations signals (PFS) in circulating jet tank (CJT) were investigated and the criteria of different scales were established. The central parts of the probability density functions of PFRS were exponentially distributed, and the positive part decayed slower than the negative part. The existence of multifractal characteristics of PFRS under different circumferential angles had been confirmed by both the strong q‐dependence of generalised Hurst exponents and continuous wavelet decompositions. The high frequency Hurst exponents based on rescaled range analysis were all >0.66 with the changing Re, which presented that PFRS had the long‐range dependence and aperiodicity. The local fractal dimensions declined with the increasing scales and presented the same trend at different dimensionless radial positions r/R0. The decomposed fluctuation components at scale a = 1–4 had different local fractal dimensions which revealed that the fluid flow was more complicated. The fluctuation energy profiles of PFRS indicated that the instantaneous pressure fluctuations were dominated by the interaction between macro‐scale vortexes and liquid phase.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".