Bioavailability of Essential Minerals from Staples Commonly Consumed in the Tropics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study assessed essential minerals in sweet cassava (Manihot esculenta), Lucea yam (Dioscorea rotundata), plantain (Musa sp.) and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry while mineral bioavailabilities were assessed by in vitro enzymatic digestion. Undigested cassava samples displayed highest calcium concentrations (3150 ± 320 mg/Kg) while the highest iron concentrations were recorded in pumpkin samples (81.5 ± 4.7 mg/Kg). Magnesium concentrations were highest in ripe plantain samples (963 ± 15.18 mg/Kg) while the highest zinc concentrations were recorded in cassava (15.23 ± 4.07 mg/Kg). Cooked samples displayed higher percentages of available minerals than uncooked ones with unripe plantain displaying highest percentage soluble calcium (12.945), iron (37.19%) and magnesium (23.37%) while the highest percentage soluble zinc was observed in sweet cassava (9.87%). The samples assessed are important contributors of essential dietary minerals especially in the cooked states. These staples have untapped potential for increased economic relevance especially with increasing costs of food production. Studies aimed at increasing mineral bioavailability in some samples are needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".