Cadmium accumulation in potato tubers produced in Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal present in soils that can accumulate at relatively high levels in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with no negative effect on growth. Our objectives were to investigate Cd concentration in potato tubers produced in Quebec and to relate some soil characteristics, especially pH, P, and Cd, to tuber Cd concentration. Potato tubers (n = 75) and soil samples (n = 64) were collected from 1999 to 2006 at five experimental sites. Tuber Cd concentration ranged from 0.04 to 0.20 mg kg –1 dry matter (DM), with a median value of 0.11 mg kg –1 DM, and never exceeded the proposed tolerance for potato of 0.05 mg kg –1 fresh weight or about 0.25 mg kg –1 DM. Tuber Cd concentration was weakly, although not significantly, related to soil available P content (r 2 = 0.53, P = 0.064), indicating a possible influence of soil P on Cd uptake by potato. Tuber Cd concentration was not directly related to soil pH, or to DTPA- or Mehlich 3-extractable Cd in soils. The log-transformed tuber Cd concentration was significantly (r 2 adj = 0.87, P < 0.01) related to both soil pH and V Cd 13 , a generated variable that accounts for interactions between soil Cd and clay content, soil organic matter, and soil concentrations of Fe, Al, Mn, P, K, S, Ca, Cu, Zn, and B. Single factors such as soil Cd, soil P, or pH could not solely explain Cd accumulation in tubers; interactions between selected soil properties and soil Cd should be considered.Key words: Cadmium, phosphorus, Solanum tuberosum L., accumulation
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".