The Borehole Gravity Meter: Development and Results
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Borehole Gravity (BHGM) measurements are passive observations of the gravity field beneath the surface. The BHGM responds to the bulk density of a large rock volume surrounding the borehole, which is orders of magnitude larger than the volume sampled by nuclear logs or cores. A summary of the corrections applied to BHGM measurements during processing as well as simplistic rules-of-thumb for interpreting BHGM data in a uniform host rock are presented. However, processing and interpretation of BHGM data are complicated by changes in the density of formations intersected by the borehole, and modeling and inversion yield more sophisticated solutions. The first generation borehole gravity instrument was introduced in the 1960s and was suitable for large diameter petroleum wells. A second generation BHGM probe for mining and geotechnical applications was introduced in 2011. Using this recently developed probe several examples of BHGM data acquired in Canada and USA for mining exploration and CO2 sequestration are presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".